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Walter Houser Brattain (February 10, 1902 – October 13, 1987) was an American physicist at Bell Labs who, along with John Bardeen and William Shockley, invented the transistor. They shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their invention. Brattain devoted much of his life to research on surface states. == Biography == Walter Houser Brattain was born on 10 February 1902 in Xiamen, China, to American parents Ross R. Brattain and Ottilie Houser Brattain. Ross R. Brattain was a teacher at the Ting-Wen Institute,〔 a private school for Chinese boys. Both parents were graduates of Whitman College;〔 Ottilie Houser Brattain was a gifted mathematician.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.pbs.org/transistor/album1/addlbios/brattainr.html )〕 Ottilie and baby Walter returned to the United States in 1903, followed by Ross.〔 The family lived for several years in Spokane, Washington, then settled on a cattle ranch near Tonasket, Washington in 1911.〔〔 Brattain attended Whitman College in Walla Walla, Washington, where he studied with Benjamin H. Brown (physics) and Walter A. Bratton (mathematics). Brattain earned a bachelor's degree from Whitman College in 1924, with a double major in physics and mathematics. Brattain and his classmates Walker Bleakney, Vladimir Rojansky and E. John Workman were later known as "the four horsemen of physics" because all went on to distinguished careers.〔 Brattain's brother Robert, who followed him at Whitman College, also became a physicist. Brattain earned a Master of Arts from the University of Oregon in Eugene in 1926, and a Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota in 1929.〔〔 At Michigan, Brattain had the opportunity to study the new field of quantum mechanics under John Hasbrouck Van Vleck. His thesis, supervised by John T. Tate, was ''Efficiency of Excitation by Electron Impact and Anomalous Scattering in Mercury Vapor.''〔 Walter Brattain married twice. His first wife was chemist Keren Gilmore. They married in 1935 and had a son, William G. Brattain, in 1943. Keren Gilmore Brattain died April 10, 1957. Walter Brattain married Mrs. Emma Jane (Kirsch) Miller, who already had three children, in 1958.〔 He moved to Seattle, Washington, in the 1970s where he lived until his death. He died on October 13, 1987 in a nursing home in Seattle, Washington from Alzheimer's Disease.〔 He is buried in Pomeroy City Cemetery, Garfield County, Washington, USA.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=49662417 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Walter Houser Brattain」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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